Adi Shankaracharya

Adi Shankaracharya Biography For Students

Adi Shankaracharya was the first philosopher who consolidated Advaita Vedanta, one of the sub-schools of Vedanta. He believed in the greatness of the holy Vedas and was a major proponent of the same. Not only did he infuse a new life into the Vedas, but also advocated against the Vedic religious practices of ritualistic excesses. He founded four Shankaracharya Peethas in the four corners of India, which continue to promote his philosophy and teachings. Adi Sankaracharya biography reveals that he was also the founder of Dashanami monastic order and the Shanmata tradition of worship.

Childhood of Adi Shankaracharya

Adi ShankaracharyaAdi Shankaracharya was born as Shankara in around 788 AD in a Brahmin family in Kaladi village of Kerala (India). He was born to Sivaguru and Aryamba a number of years after their marriage. It is said that Aryamba had a vision of Lord Shiva, in which he promised her that He would incarnate Himself in the form of her first-born child. The life history of Adi Shankracharya tells us that he showed great intelligence right from his childhood. He mastered all the Vedas and the Vedanta in gurukul itself and could recite the epics and Puranas by heart.

Adopting Sanyasa (Monastic Life)

Adi Shankaracharya was attracted towards sanyasa right from his childhood. One day, while bathing in the Purna River, Shankaracharya was attacked by a crocodile. Seeing his mother’s incapability to rescue him, he asked her to give him the permission to renounce the world. Left with no other option, she agreed to it. Shankaracharya recited the mantras of renunciation and immediately, the crocodile left him. Thus started the life of Shankara as an ascetic. He left Kerala and moved towards South India in search of a Guru.

Meeting Govinda Bhagavatpada and Enlightenment

On the banks of Narmada River, Shankara met Govinda Bhagavatpada. Impressed by his knowledge of the Vedas and the Vedanta, he took Shankaracharya under his tutelage. Under the guidance of his Guru, Shankara mastered Hatha, Raja and Jnana Yoga. Thereafter he received initiation in the knowledge of Brahma. Thus was born Adi Shankaracharya, whose aim in life was to spread the Vedic teachings of the Brahma Sutras throughout the world.

Adi Sankaracharya Teachings

The philosophy and teachings of Adi Sankaracharya were based on the Advaita Vedanta. He preached ‘Non-Dualism’;. It means that each and every person has a divine existence, which can be identified with the Supreme God. The mere thought that human being is finite with a name and form subject to earthly changes, is to be discarded. The bodies are diverse, but the soul of all the separate bodies is the same, the Divine One.

The Four Adi Shankaracharya Peethas

  • Vedanta Jnana Peetha, Sringeri (South India)
  • Govardhana Peetha in Jagannath Puri (East India)
  • Kalika Peetha, Dwaraka (West India)
  • Jyotih Peetha, Badarikashrama (North India)

आठ वर्ष की आयु में घर त्यागकर बालक शंकर ऐसे बना आदि शंकराचार्य

सदियों पुरानी बात है। आठ साल का एक बालक लौकिक संसार के सुखों का परित्याग कर वीतरागी मार्ग पर चलने निकला तो उसके सामने यह बड़ा सवाल खड़ा हो गया कि अपनी मां के स्नेहांचल को कैसे छोड़ा जाए। त्याग के बिना तत्वज्ञान की प्राप्ति नहीं हो सकती थी। समय ने उस बच्चे के लिए कुछ और ही तय कर रखा था।

शंकर नाम का वह तेजस्वी बालक बाद में आदि शंकराचार्य के नाम से विख्यात हुआ। जब उनकी माता विशिष्टा देवी ने उन्हें रोकना चाहा तो उन्होंने अपनी माता को एक ज्ञानगाथा सुनाई, जो महर्षि महाज्ञानी नारद से संबंधित है। दासी पुत्र नारद जब मात्र पांच वर्ष के थे, तब वे अपने स्वामी की अतिथिशाला में अतिथि महात्मनों के मुख से हरिकथा सुनकर साक्षात हरि से मिलने के लिए व्याकुल हो गए। मगर अपनी मां के स्नेह के कारण गृह त्याग का साहस न जुटा पाए। एक रात सर्पदंश से मां की मृत्यु हो गई। इसे भवगत्कृपा मानकर नारद ने गृह त्याग कर दिया। यह कथा सुनाकर बालक शंकर ने अपनी मां से कहा, ‘मां जब नारद ने गृह त्याग किया तब वे मात्र पांच वर्ष के थे। उन्हें मातृ वियोग सहन करना पड़ा था। मैं तो आठ वर्ष का हूं और मेरे ऊपर तो मातृछाया सदैव रहेगी चाहे कहीं भी क्यों न रहूं।’ मां के प्रति शंकराचार्य की अटूट भक्ति थी।

जब उन्होंने मां को छोड़ा तो बार-बार आदि शंकराचार्य ने अपने निर्णय पर कहा, ‘मैं कोई पाषाण हृदय नहीं हूं, जो मां को रोता-बिलखता छोड़कर जा रहा हूं। मेरी मां ने जब संतान मांगी थी तो उन्हें बता दिया गया था कि पुत्र यदि अल्पज्ञ होगा तो दीर्घजीवी होगा और सर्वज्ञ होगा तो अल्पजीवी होगा। मां ने तब सर्वज्ञ मांगा था। अल्पायु में ही मुझे बहुत कुछ करना है, इसलिए वृहत्तर कल्याण की बलिवेदी पर मैं अपनी मातृभक्ति का अर्घ्य दे रहा हूं।’ बालक के रूप में भी ऐसा था आदि शंकराचार्य का तेज।

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