A salamander is amphibian – an animal that lives both on land and in the water. It is a lizard-like member of a group of back-bones creatures between fish and reptiles. This class includes frogs and toads. Like fish and reptiles, the salamander is cold-blooded. It was anciently believed that the first salamander was born out of the heart of …

In chess tournaments, when two players end up with the same score on the final round, the tie needs to be broken for ranking purposes. Different systems of rating follow different rules for such tie-breaking, and the FIDE (Federation Internationale des Echecs) or the Worldwide Chess Federation system uses the cumulative progressive score. Progressive score in a round is the …

The prefectures of Japan are the country’s 47 sub-national jurisdictions: one “metropolis”, Tokyo; one “circuit”, Hokkaido; two urban prefectures, Osaka and Kyoto; and 43 other prefectures. In Japanese, they are commonly referred to as todofuken. Prefectures are governmental bodies larger than cities, towns, and villages. Under the law, each prefecture is subdivided into cities and districts.

A prebituary is an obituary composed or published prior to a person’s death — it is a write-up of the lifetime achievements of famous personalities to mark their 65th birthdays.

It’s a fake scheme in which investors are given huge returns in the short run, not from actual profits but from the money of subsequent investors. The recent Madoff scam which has created losses for several investors the world over has been labelled history’s largest Ponzi scheme.

A Pipestone Pipe, also called a peace pipe, calumet or medicine pipe is a ceremonial smoking pipe used by many native American tribes, traditionally as a token of peace. The most common and sacred thing smoked was tobacco. A prayer would be said to each of the four directions as well as ‘Mother Earth’ and ‘Father Sky’ as they filled …

A pagoda, in South-east Asia, is a cone-shaped monumental structure built in memory of the Buddha. But in the Far East, a pagoda is a tower-like, multi-storeyed structure of stone, brick, or wood, usually associated with a Buddhist temple complex. The pagoda is derived from the stupa of ancient India, which was a dome-shaped commemorative monument, usually erected over the …

Mudskippers are small tropical fish of the eastern Atlantic, the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific from Australia to Japan. They live in estuaries with mudbanks and also in mangrove swamps. Their eyes protrude from their heads and can be moved independently of each other. When the mud is exposed by the ebbing of the tide the mudskippers come out …

In constitutional law, a moot court is an important part of the curriculum undertaken twice in a semester, during the class time, and students serve as both presenter and judges. A moot court is a competition, conducted at both undergraduate level and in law school, in which teams of students prepare and argue legal cases. Such cases may be real …

Moon trees are trees grown from hundreds of seeds taken into orbit around the moon by Stuart Roosa during the Apollo 14 mission in 1971. As the Command Module Pilot on the Apollo 14 mission, and because he was a former smoke jumper, Roosa was contacted by Ed Cliff, who was the Chief of the Forest Service at the time, …