Gradenigo, an Italian otolaryngologist from the University of Naples, described this syndrome in 1904. Painful anaesthesia in the first division of the fifth cranial nerve supplying the forehead with sixth cranial nerve palsy occurs in this syndrome. It happens as a result of a lesion at the apex of petrous temporal bone outside the dura mater. It may be due …

While many are aware of the dangers of global warming, not many know about global cooling. Scientists believe the cooling of the sun causes it. Global cooling is known for the absence of sunspot activity. According to the theory of global cooling, the sun had no sunspots between 2008 and 2009, while sunspot activity was at its peak in the …

Glass is made of naturally from a fusions of silica (sand), soda and lime. This fusion can be achieved merely by lightning striking in a place where the right ingredients happen to be adjacent to each other. When glass is made by man, other ingredients are added, such as potash, lead oxide and boric oxide. Some of these ingredients are …

Glass fiber is a mass of very fine strands of glass. When ordinary glass is spun into thin threads it is strong and bendable, unlike normal glass objects, which are brittle and break easily. These silky strands of glass can be woven into a material or massed together like cotton wool. Glass fiber does not decay or corrode. It is …

Glaciers form when show piles up in mountain hollows, called cirques. The snow is gradually compacted into a white substance, halfway between snow and ice. As the pressure increases, the ice crystals become closely interlocked, while water, seeping down from above, refreezes and binds the crystals together. Finally, the compacted snow is pressed into clear blue ice. Exactly how ice …

A disease of the gums which starts round the arcs where the gums meet the teeth. The gums swell and became tender. It can be treated.

In winter, all of us warm water in the geysers in the bathroom for bathing. Nature too has geysers which throw up a huge amount of hot water and steam. The ‘Old Faithful’, as one of the geysers in the Yellow Stone National Park in the United States of America is called, spews out boiling water at intervals of 33 …

The random changes in gene frequencies occurring by chance and not under the control of natural selection are called genetic drift or random genetic drift or sampling error. This theory was advocated by geneticist Sewall Wright in 1930. It explains the change in gene frequency. It is caused due to sampling error. A new generation arises from a sample of …

Gene doping involves modifying an athlete’s DNA, or having him inject or inhale foreign DNA, to make him bigger, stronger and faster. It’s harder to detect than most drugs, which makes it all the more desired by cheaters looking to prosper. It is suspected that gene doping is already happening and is being done unethically and with immature technology, thereby, …

In chemical factories, oil refineries, oil wells, rigs and landfills, gaseous waste products and sometimes even non-waste gases produced are routed to an elevated vertical chimney called a gas flare and burnt off at its tip. This is called gas flaring. Waste gases are subjected to such a process either because the gases are waste or it is difficult to …