Very simply, a cyclone is a kind of storm, and a storm is air which is moving quickly from one place to another. A storm begins when a mass of warm, moist air from the equator meets a mass of cold, dry air from the northern hemisphere. The two masses of air will not mix instead they form a front, …

A collection of a urine sample, blood sample or other body fluid samples are cultured in medium and analysed with for sensitivity. A “C&S” is a diagnostic lab procedure used to identify the type of bacteria and to determine which antibiotics can successfully fight an infection. C&S is primarily used to find bacteria. The absence of bacteria does not mean …

Unless you are a meteorologist (a person who studies the weather), it is unlikely that you will know that this is, in fact, a coded description of the climate of the Mediterranean regions. Devised by a Russian meteorologist, Vladimir Koppen, in the early 20th century, the code (see below) is based mainly on temperature and rainfall and is now used …

It is the technique of using extreme rapid cooling to freeze tissues, thereby destroy them. Rapid cooling to temperature below freezing point produces irreversible cell damage and cell death occurs at -20 to -90 degree Celsius. Freezing produces white areas of necrosis. It is applied in the treatment of malignancies, vascular tumours and aggressive tumours.

Cotton Candy is a soft confection that is made from sugar that is heated and spun into slim threads that look like a mass of cotton. It was invented in 1897 by William Morrison and John C Wharton, candy-makers from Nashville, Tennessee.

This is short for coronary thrombosis, which is the medical term for heart attack, and it occurs when a branch of a coronary artery gets blocked, which stops oxygenated blood reaching the heart muscles, so affecting the operation of the heart.

A cogwheel train is a train fitted with one or more cogwheels, which mesh with the toothed rail-rack, running usually between the normal rails. The system, operating on rack and pinion arrangement, is used in regions where trains operate on steep heights within a short span of time. Most cogwheel railways are mountain railways, although a few are transit railways …

A chromophore is a group of atoms and electrons (or moiety) i.e. part of organic molecules responsible for its colour. It is an extended delocalised systems of electrons in a compound which gives its colour e.g. chlorophyll’s porphin ring, or an azo dyes benzene ring linked to N=N double bond. When a molecule absorbs certain wavelengths of visible light and …

A chemical bond is one in which atoms of different or same elements combine to become stable. There are two types of chemical bonds – electro-valent bond and co-valent bond. In an electro-valent bond, a metal donates an electron to a non-metal and forms the bond. Such bonds are very strong. A co-valent bond is formed between non-metals only. These …

A catalyst is any substance which causes a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any chemical change. Many industrial processes depend on this property. A simple example is when oxygen and hydrogen combine together quickly in the presence of platinum. Platinum is therefore, the catalyst. It is believed that this is due to the gases being absorbed on the surface of …